{"product_id":"nmn-β-nicotinamide-mononucleotide","title":"NMN (β-Nicotinamide Mononucleotide)","description":"\u003cdiv id=\"section1\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN (β-Nicotinamide mononucleotide) is a natural molecule produced by the body and is classified as a nucleotide. Nucleotides are involved in a wide array of important bodily functions, including as the building blocks of DNA. Within the cells, NMN is converted into another molecule called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+). NAD+ plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes such as DNA repair, immune function, conversion of food into a usable form of energy called adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and regulation of circadian rhythm. In simple terms, NMN is the raw material and NAD+ is the refined version that the body can actually use to perform essential biological processes. In addition, the amount of NAD+ that the body can produce greatly depends on the available NMN.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNAD+ is not very bioavailable. This means that ingesting it directly will not achieve its therapeutic or desired effects. Therefore, one of the most effective ways of boosting NAD+ levels is through NMN supplementation.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eOverall Health Benefits of NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) supports overall health by extending lifespan, producing anti-aging effects, enhancing cognitive and cardiovascular function, improving metabolic health, boosting immunity, and promoting organ health, including the liver, kidneys, and eyes. It also helps combat inflammation, cancer, diabetes symptoms, and supports fertility, energy levels, and weight management.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eExtends lifespan [1-12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eProduces anti-aging effects [13-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves cognitive function [26-40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLowers the risk of cardiovascular disease [41-55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFights cancer [56-63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves blood sugar levels and treats diabetes symptoms [16, 64-74]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFights inflammation [75-78]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves fertility [79-85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves eye health [86-100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBoosts immune function [14, 101-110]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreases energy levels [111-117]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePromotes weight loss [118-120]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreats stroke [121-124]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves liver health [125-132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImproves kidney health [133-137]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section2\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eKey Takeaways\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eNAD+ Booster:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme in cellular energy production. NAD+ levels decline with age, leading to reduced cellular function. Supplementing with NMN can help restore NAD+ levels, supporting overall health and potentially slowing aspects of aging.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eAnti-Aging Potential:\u003c\/b\u003e Research suggests NMN may help mitigate age-related decline by promoting cellular repair, enhancing mitochondrial function, and improving metabolic processes. These benefits have made NMN a popular supplement in anti-aging and longevity circles.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eMetabolic Health Benefits:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN supplementation has been associated with improvements in glucose metabolism, insulin sensitivity, and overall metabolic health, which may benefit conditions like obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other metabolic disorders.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eCardiovascular and Neuroprotection:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN shows promise in protecting cardiovascular health by supporting blood vessel function. Additionally, some studies suggest it may offer neuroprotective effects, helping to maintain cognitive function and potentially reduce the risk of neurodegenerative diseases.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cb\u003eSafety and Dosage:\u003c\/b\u003e NMN is generally considered safe at typical dosages used in studies (ranging from 250-500 mg daily). However, research is ongoing, and while early results are promising, long-term effects and optimal dosage need further exploration.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section3\"\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section4\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eHow NMN Works\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-20963\" title=\"What Is An Average Dose Of Naltrexone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Nicotinamide-Mononucleotide-Infographic-02-1024x539.jpg\" alt=\"Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide\" width=\"950\" height=\"633\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe health benefits of NMN can be attributed to its ability to boost NAD+ levels. Once NMN is converted into NAD+, activation of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) function in the nucleus of cells happens. SIRT1 is an enzyme that helps regulate proteins involved in cellular metabolism and processes associated with longevity, inflammation, and stress. In addition, the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels counteracts age-related mitochondrial deterioration by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis, a process by which cells increase mitochondrial numbers.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section5\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eChemical Structure of NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cimg loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-20963\" title=\"What Is An Average Dose Of Naltrexone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Nicotinamide-Mononucleotide-Chemical-Bond.jpg\" alt=\"Chemical structure of nicotinamide mononucleotide\" width=\"576\" height=\"343\"\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eResearch on NMN\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eA. Extends Lifespan\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWithin the cells, NMN is converted into NAD+ which plays an integral role in energy production and regulation of vital cellular processes. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN can contribute to a longer lifespan. Studies show that people with higher NAD+ levels have a longer lifespan compared to those with lower NAD+ levels. [1-5]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAnother mechanism that increases longevity is through increasing sirtuin (SIRT) activity which is associated with stable telomeres (located at chromosomes ends). This in turn helps attenuate the age-related telomere shortening which is linked to a shorter lifespan. [6] NMN boosts NAD+ levels which cause activation of SIRT, resulting in stable and longer telomeres. This process helps extends lifespan.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels promotes mitochondrial biogenesis via SIRT1 activation. Mitochondrial biogenesis is characterized by the production of new mitochondria (the powerhouse of cells) and is essential for a longer lifespan since mitochondrial dysfunction is linked to various age-related diseases and a shorter lifespan. [7-8]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe longevity effects of NMN are backed by a number of studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN maintained telomere length, reduced the DNA damage response, improved mitochondrial function, and rescued liver fibrosis (scarring) in a partially SIRT1-dependent manner. [9]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreasing sirtuin activity is known to stabilize telomeres and attenuate age-related telomere shortening. [10] Since the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ activates SIRT1, it can help achieve chromosome stability and longer telomeres.\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rodent model of decompensated hemorrhagic shock, rats that received NMN had decreased inflammation, improved cellular metabolism, and increased survival. [11]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with progressive neurodegeneration, the addition of NMN in the drinking water of the subjects normalized neuromuscular function, delayed memory loss, and extended lifespan. [12]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eB. Anti-Aging Effects\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial aging contributes to cellular senescence (also known as biological aging), increased inflammation, decreased stem cell activity, reduced healing rate, and a decline in tissue and organ function. [13] Interestingly, studies show that the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels produces anti-aging effects such as increasing mitochondrial numbers, amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction, and promotion of chromosome stability via activation of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), stimulation of DNA repair, and maintaining telomere length:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe administration of NMN via injections in elderly mice reversed age-related mitochondrial deterioration. It was observed that declining NAD+ levels were associated with interruptions in the normal signaling between the cell’s nucleus and mitochondria and that raising NAD+ levels via NMN administration restored the communication between these cellular structures. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn elderly mice, treatment with NMN improved blood flow and increased endurance via the promotion of SIRT1-dependent increases in capillary density. [15]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, the administration of NMN prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [16]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy men, the single oral administration of NMN was safe and effectively metabolized without any adverse effects, indicating a potential therapeutic strategy to mitigate disorders related to aging. [17-18]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN effectively mitigated the age-associated physiological decline in the lungs of old mice and bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in young mice. [19]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN treatment promoted mitochondrial rejuvenation and decreased inflammation. [20]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn pre-aging male mice, oral short-term administration of NMN significantly increased telomere length. [21]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eElevating NAD+ levels has been shown to slow down various mechanisms associated with aging such as decreased energy production in the mitochondria, oxidative stress, DNA damage, cognitive impairment, and inflammation. [22-23]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has been shown to slow down age-related changes in the skin by restoring skin homeostasis, protecting against oxidative stress, increasing mitochondrial efficiency, and reducing excess melanin production. [24-25]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eC. Improves Cognitive Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA decline in NAD+ levels is associated with brain disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other conditions that cause cognitive impairment. [26] By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN can lower the risk for these medical conditions. Another interesting mechanism is that the NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels can decrease the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which are linked to various brain disorders. Moreover, NMN can also help reverse the age-related cognitive decline by mitigating mitochondrial dysfunction.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies demonstrate the beneficial effects of NMN on cognitive function:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn an Alzheimer’s disease-relevant murine model, NMN treatment restored mitochondrial respiratory function in the brain. [27]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn an animal model of Alzheimer’s disease, NMN treatment significantly decreased the production of β-amyloid (abnormal protein structures), loss of nerve signaling, and inflammatory response. [28]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of vascular cognitive impairment, NMN protected against cognitive decline. [29]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older rats, NMN treatment at a dose of 100 mg\/kg alleviated aging-induced \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/hormone-therapy\/womens-hormones\/hormone-imbalance-in-women\/menopause\/symptoms-of-menopause\/memory-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003ememory\u003c\/a\u003e impairment via modulation of mitochondrial function and apoptosis (programmed cell death) in the brain. [30]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn D-galactose-induced aging rat models, the combination of NMN and lycopene improved the ability of spatial location learning and memory. [31]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN ameliorated neuronal damage and cognitive impairment caused by severe hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels). [32]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN protected against diabetes-induced memory deficits by preserving mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) function and preventing neuronal loss. [33]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the brain cells of aged rats, NMN treatment increased the formation of new blood vessels and decreased the production of oxidative stress. [34]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rat model of Alzheimer’s disease, NMN protected against β-amyloid oligomer-induced cognitive impairment and neuronal death. [35]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN supplementation improved cognitive function by ameliorating age-related cerebromicrovascular dysfunction. [36]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NMN can help improve cognitive function by promoting the renewal of neural stem\/progenitor cells (NSPCs) via SIRT1, SIRT2, and SIRT6. [37-38]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice, short-term NMN supplementation improved the sensory processing aspect of some aversive stimuli, suggesting that the treatment can treat cognitive impairments and enhance the quality of life in old age. [39]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a cellular model of Parkinson’s disease (PD), ameliorated mitochondrial inhibitor-induced impairments of energy metabolism and inhibited death of brain cells. [40]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eD. Lowers the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section6\"\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels activates SIRT1, which in turn increases the production of cardioprotective molecules, such as MnSOD (antioxidants), Trx1 (antioxidants), and Bcl-xL (anti-apoptotic). [41] In addition, SIRT1 activation can also help protect the heart from inflammation and oxidative stress.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eCompelling evidence supports the cardioprotective effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN protected against heart injury caused by insufficient blood flow (ischemia). [42]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study suggests that NMN exerts its cardioprotective effects by generating adenosine triphosphate via glucose breakdown. [43]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with ischemia, NMN (62.5mg\/kg) dramatically ameliorated injury and significantly improved the neurological outcome. [44]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN treatment prevented post-ischemic depletion of mitochondrial NAD+, suppressed mitochondrial fragmentation, and reduced oxidative stress via SIRT3-dependent mechanisms. [45-46]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn the heart cells of mice, short-term administration of NMN preserved mitochondrial ultrastructure, reduced oxidative stress, and prevented cell death in the heart. [47]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies reported that NMN administration in patients with intractable cardiac diseases such as heart failure with preserved ejection fraction may produce beneficial effects. [48-49]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn rats, NMN attenuated doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and programmed cell death. [50]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged male rats, NMN counteracted damage to the heart muscle by activating SIRT3\/FOXO1 and reducing programmed cell death. [51]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with heart scarring, NMN administration via injections reduced scarring by suppressing oxidative stress and Smad3 acetylation in a NAD+\/SIRT1-dependent manner. [52]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN administration increased NAD+ levels and protected against ischemic heart injury. [53-55]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eE. Fights Cancer\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMitochondrial respiration malfunction and increased glucose uptake are mechanisms observed in cancer cells. [56] The NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels has been shown to increase mitochondrial respiration and reduce glucose (blood sugar) uptake, indicating that NMN may help combat cancer. Another important mechanism is that NMN increases NAD+ levels which in turn activates SIRT1 and SIRT6, both of which inhibit the growth and spread of tumors.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies support the anti-cancer properties of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels is associated with cell cycle arrest and programmed cell death of malignant cells, enhanced efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs and radiation therapy, and prevention of cancer cell progression. [57-61]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has been shown to combat cancer by boosting cellular energy and enhancing DNA repair activity. [62]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN has also been shown to enhance colorectal cancer cell-kill by the chemotherapeutic drug Tiazofurin. [63]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eF. Improves Blood Sugar Levels and Treats Diabetes Symptoms\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the ability to improve the body’s response to the hormone insulin, which helps blood sugar enter the cells. This process is called insulin sensitivity. With increased insulin sensitivity, blood sugar stays at healthy levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe blood sugar-lowering effects of NMN and its benefits on diabetes symptoms are backed by a number of studies:In mice, the administration of NMN prevented age-related weight gain and improved physical activity, energy metabolism, lipid profiles, and insulin sensitivity. [16]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn prediabetic women, NMN supplementation at 250 mg\/day increased muscle insulin sensitivity. [64]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese mice, increased NAD+ levels induced by NMN improved blood glucose and lipid homeostasis by increasing the activity of SIRT1 and SIRT3. [65-66]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice with type 2 diabetes, NMN improved glucose intolerance and lipid profiles. [67]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN treatment ameliorated NAD+ deficiency and improved insulin secretion. [68]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with fructose, a type of sugar, administration of NMN restored insulin secretion by correcting inflammation of the islet of the pancreas (responsible for insulin production). [69]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eStudies found that NMN supplementation for 12 months decreased insulin resistance in mice. [70-71]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice fed with a high-fat diet, NMN administered via intravenous injections improved glucose tolerance. [72]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NMN can stimulate insulin secretion. [73]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn lean type 2 diabetic patients with secondary failure to sulphonylureas (anti-diabetic medication), NMN improved insulin secretion and metabolic control. [74]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eG.Fights Inflammation\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the potential to suppress inflammaging, which is the age-related increase in inflammation. Specifically, NMN has been found to suppress cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an enzyme that synthesizes the proinflammatory mediators known as prostaglandins. With this effect, NMN can help treat and ward off a wide array of inflammatory conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA convincing number of studies support the anti-inflammatory effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and oxidative stress via suppression of COX-2. [75]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aging mice, NMN reduced inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). [76]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with inflammation of the abdomen due to blood infection, NMN prevented clinical deterioration and improved survival. [77]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA cell study found that NMN inhibited endothelial inflammation and improved the function of nitric oxide (a substance that widens the blood vessels). [78]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eH. Improves Fertility\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN has the capacity to improve male and female fertility. It does this by improving the quality of both the egg cell and sperm cell. This in turn ensures successful fertilization and pregnancy. In addition, NMN can also help reverse some of the effects of aging on the reproductive system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe beneficial effects of NMN on male and female reproductive health are backed by a number of studies:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn animal subjects, NMN supplementation protected egg cell quality against environmental pollutant-induced deterioration, contributing to improved fertility. [79]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged animals, treatment with the NAD+ metabolic precursor NMN rejuvenated egg cell quality, leading to the restoration of fertility. [80-81]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN supplementation improved the quality of porcine egg cells under heat stress by restoring cell division. [82]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSupplementation of NMN improved the quality of postovulatory aged porcine egg cells. [83]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn female mice, NMN supplementation improved egg cell quality by restoring mitochondrial structures. [84]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice, NMN treatment significantly increased the area and diameter of seminiferous tubules and the number of spermatogenic cells and sperms. [85]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eI. Improves Eye Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRestoration of NAD+ through NMN supplementation can help protect photoreceptors (special cells in the retina that converts light into signals that are sent to the brain) against light-induced retinal damage. [86-87] The exact mechanism of NMN-induced eye protection can be attributed to SIRT1 activation since it is essential in the development and survival of the retina. Alterations in SIRT1 activity have been linked to various eye conditions such as aged retina, diabetic retinopathy, light-induced retinal degeneration, and oxygen-induced retinal damage. [88-93]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NMN supplementation is essential for eye health:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment increased NAD+ levels and improved cell viability, reduced programmed cell death, and decreased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release in corneal epithelial cells. [94]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn high-glucose-treated human corneal epithelial cells, NMN increased cell viability by reversing cell damage, reducing programmed cell death, increasing cell migration, and restoring the structures of corneal cells. [95]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eA study reported that NMN supplementation can treat glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration by correcting NAD+ pool depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. [96]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a mouse model of retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (cellular dysfunction and death after the restoration of blood flow to tissues with previously impaired blood circulation), NMN injection significantly suppressed retinal functional damage and inflammation and protected against oxidative stress-induced cell death. [97]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a photoreceptor degenerative model of retinal detachment, NMN administration exerted neuroprotective effects on photoreceptors and against oxidative injury. [98]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, NMN effectively prevented ultraviolet B light-induced tissue damage and endothelial cell death in the mouse cornea. [99]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with corneal injury, the replenishment of NMN or NAD+ slowed down corneal nerve fiber degeneration by restoring the activation levels of SIRT1. [100]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eJ. Boosts Immune Function\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe age-related shortening of telomeres adversely affects immune function, thus, increasing the risk of severe infection, inflammatory conditions, and chronic diseases. [101-103] Interestingly, NMN boosts NAD+ levels which in turn activates SIRT1. As a result, the telomeres lengthen and become more stable. Moreover, NMN has anti-inflammatory effects and the ability to regulate the activity of certain cells of the immune system.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA good deal of evidence supports the immune-boosting effects of NMN:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTreatment of 24-month-old mice with NMN for 1 week significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory markers such as TNFα and IL-6 in the skeletal muscle. [14]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn young and older mice, NMN augmented the cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells of the immune system. [104]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe NMN-mediated increase in NAD+ levels can help improve immune function by promoting cell survival, DNA repair, and enhanced intercellular communication. [105-106]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRestoring normal NAD+ levels via NMN can decrease the severity of immune reactions in patients with COVID-19 infection. [107]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn increase in NAD+ levels was associated with significant immunomodulatory effects such as modulation of cytokine action, regulation of the intercellular adhesion molecules, blockage of mast cell degranulation, and inhibition of protease release from leukocytes. [108-110]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eK. Increases Energy Levels\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSirtuins play a critical role in regulating various cellular functions including energy metabolism, stress resistance, and circadian rhythm neuronal function – all of which are essential for increasing energy levels. [111-112] Since NMN activates SIRT1 by increasing NAD+ levels, it may help boost energy levels and reduce fatigue. Moreover, NAD+ is essential for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is needed by the cells to perform various biological functions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAn increasing number of studies support the beneficial effects of NMN on energy levels and medical conditions that cause fatigue:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn older adults, NMN intake in the afternoon for 12 weeks effectively improved sleep quality, fatigue, and physical performance as evidenced by improved lower limb function and reduced drowsiness. [113]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn amateur runners, NMN supplementation for 6 weeks increased the aerobic capacity during \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/exercises\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eexercise\u003c\/a\u003e training via enhanced O2 utilization of the skeletal muscle. [114]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy young and elderly mice, NMN supplementation at 500 mg\/kg\/d with exercise training increased endurance performance. [115-116]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eRaising intracellular NAD+ levels through NMN supplementation can improve the quality of life of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome by improving neurological function, promoting energy production, and lowering fatigue. [117]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eL. Promotes Weight Loss\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN can help promote \u003ca href=\"https:\/\/www.genemedics.com\/services\/medical-weight-loss\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003eweight loss\u003c\/a\u003e via different mechanisms such as increased energy expenditure and enhanced insulin sensitivity. Increased energy expenditure prevents excess fat storage. With enhanced insulin sensitivity, the body responds well to the effects of insulin which in turn prevents high blood sugar (hyperglycemia) which is associated with increased adiposity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that NMN is beneficial for achieving a healthier weight because of its fat-burning properties:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn healthy individuals, the intravenous administration of NMN significantly reduced blood triglyceride (TG) levels and fat accumulation in the liver. [118]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with severe insulin resistance, NMN treatment reduced visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and adiponectin (a hormone produced by fat cells). [119]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn obese female mice, NMN reduced adiposity and improved glucose and markers of mitochondrial function. [120]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eM. Treats Stroke\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA stroke occurs when the blood supply to the brain is cut off. NMN has the ability to widen the blood vessels which can help restore blood flow to the brain. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effects of NMN can help relieve brain swelling associated with stroke.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eA number of studies suggest that NMN treatment is beneficial in treating the symptoms of stroke and improving recovery outcomes:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with brain injury caused by stroke, NMN treatment for 7 days markedly promoted the recovery of body weight and neurological function via suppression of brain inflammation and oxidative stress. [121]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock due to stroke, NMN significantly improved survival after resuscitation. [122]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNAD replenishment with NMN protected blood-brain barrier integrity and attenuated brain changes caused by significant bleeding. [123]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment attenuated traumatic brain injury in mice via restoration of NAD+ levels. [124]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eN. Improves Liver Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN boosts NAD+ levels resulting in SIRT1 activation. This process is essential in liver health as SIRT1 activation improves cholesterol, fat, and lipid transport as well as fatty acid homeostasis in the liver. [125-127]\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eStudies show that NMN can improve liver function and protect against liver disease:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNMN treatment can help protect against liver injury by raising NAD+ levels. [128]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003col start=\"2\"\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAn increase in NAD+ has been shown to protect against aging-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-like liver dysfunction in mice. [129]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIncreased NAD+ levels can prevent the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by influencing the oxidative stress response, programmed cell death, and inflammatory response. [130]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mouse models of liver cirrhosis (scarring), NMN treatment inhibited the production of substances that cause liver inflammation and scarring. [131]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn aged mice, NMN administration protected against oxidative stress-induced liver injury. [132]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003ch3\u003eO. Improves Kidney Health\u003c\/h3\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe anti-aging effects of NMN can also help address the age-related decline in kidney function. Reduced levels of NAD+ are associated with reduced sirtuin activity which in turn causes deterioration in the overall function of the kidneys. The ability of NMN to boost NAD+ levels activates SIRT1 which can possibly mitigate the negative effects of aging on the kidneys.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eEvidence suggests that NMN can help address kidney problems associated with aging and certain medical conditions:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn old mice with acute kidney injury, NMN supplementation improved kidney function via restoration of renal SIRT1 activity and NAD+ content. [133]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn human kidney cells, NMN suppressed DNA damage and senescence induced by hydrogen peroxide and hypoxia (low oxygen). [134]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice, short-term NMN treatment ameliorated adriamycin-induced kidney damage by increasing SIRT1. [135]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eIn mice with kidney complications due to diabetes, NMN treatment increased kidney concentrations of NAD+ and SIRT1, improved survival rates, and alleviated kidney scarring. [136-137]\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section10\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide Side Effects\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN side effects are very uncommon. There have been some side effects associated with the use of this drug wherein the patient had one of the issues listed below at some point while being on NMN. However, these side effects weren’t confirmed to be associated with the treatment and could have been a coincidence and not related to the use of NMN. Despite this, it was listed as a side effect associated with NMN even though these associated side effects are very uncommon.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSide effects associated with NMN may include the following:\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdominal distension\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAbdominal pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBelching\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDiarrhea\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFatigue\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFever\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFlatus\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eJoint pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMuscle pain\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eSense of hunger\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ul\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section11\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Supplement (Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Supplement)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) is a molecule that occurs naturally in the body and plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. It is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous biological processes, including energy production, DNA repair, and cellular aging. NMN supplements aim to boost NAD+ levels, which tend to decline with age, potentially supporting overall health and longevity.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NMN supplements has been promising, suggesting they may have various health benefits. Studies in animals have indicated that NMN can improve metabolic health, enhance physical activity, and slow down certain aspects of aging. In humans, preliminary research suggests that NMN supplementation may help improve insulin sensitivity, increase muscle strength, and support cardiovascular health, although more extensive clinical trials are needed to fully understand its effects.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eDespite the potential benefits, NMN supplements should be approached with caution. The supplement industry is not strictly regulated, so the quality and effectiveness of NMN products can vary. It’s important to consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions or are taking other medications.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section12\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide vs Nicotinamide Riboside (NMN vs NR)?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) and Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) are both compounds that play a role in the production of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a vital coenzyme involved in numerous cellular processes, including energy metabolism and DNA repair. NMN is a direct precursor to NAD+, meaning it is converted into NAD+ more directly within cells. This pathway potentially makes NMN a more efficient option for boosting NAD+ levels.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eOn the other hand, Nicotinamide Riboside (NR) is a slightly different compound that also contributes to NAD+ synthesis but through a more indirect route. NR is first converted into nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) before being transformed into NAD+. This extra step may influence its effectiveness compared to NMN. However, research suggests that NR is still highly effective in increasing NAD+ levels and has demonstrated various health benefits in studies.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eBoth NMN and NR have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies for their potential anti-aging effects, including improving metabolic health and enhancing physical endurance. While both compounds seem to offer similar benefits, the choice between NMN and NR might come down to individual preferences or specific health goals. Ongoing research continues to explore their comparative efficacy and optimal use.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section13\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Powder?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN powder is a dietary supplement derived from nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), a naturally occurring compound in the body that plays a crucial role in cellular metabolism. NMN is a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), a coenzyme essential for energy production, DNA repair, and various metabolic processes. As we age, NAD+ levels decline, which can impact overall health and vitality.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSupplementing with NMN powder is believed to help boost NAD+ levels, potentially counteracting some effects of aging and supporting cellular function. Research into NMN’s benefits is ongoing, but preliminary studies suggest that it may enhance physical endurance, improve cognitive function, and promote healthier aging by improving cellular energy production and repair mechanisms.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN powder is typically taken as a dietary supplement in capsule or powdered form. While promising, it’s important to approach NMN with a balanced perspective, as more research is needed to fully understand its long-term effects and benefits. Consulting with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen is recommended to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and goals.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section14\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eWhat is NMN Sublingual?\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNMN sublingual refers to nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) delivered via a sublingual method, meaning it is taken under the tongue. NMN is a compound that plays a crucial role in the production of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide), a coenzyme involved in various biological processes, including energy metabolism and cellular repair. By delivering NMN directly under the tongue, the supplement can be absorbed more rapidly into the bloodstream, bypassing the digestive system and potentially increasing its effectiveness.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe sublingual form of NMN is designed to offer faster absorption and higher bioavailability compared to oral tablets or capsules. This method leverages the rich blood supply under the tongue, which allows for quicker entry into the systemic circulation. Consequently, users might experience more immediate effects and enhanced benefits related to NMN’s role in promoting cellular health and combating age-related decline.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany proponents of NMN sublingual supplements believe they can contribute to improved energy levels, cognitive function, and overall vitality. Research into NMN’s potential benefits is ongoing, but preliminary studies suggest that enhancing NAD+ levels may have positive effects on aging and various health conditions. As with any supplement, it is important to consult with a healthcare provider before starting NMN sublingual to ensure it is appropriate for individual health needs and conditions.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"section15\"\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eNMN Body Building\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eNicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN) has gained attention in the bodybuilding community for its potential benefits in enhancing physical performance and recovery. NMN is a precursor to Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+), a vital coenzyme involved in cellular energy production and metabolism. By boosting NAD+ levels, NMN may improve muscle endurance, reduce fatigue, and promote more efficient recovery after intense workouts.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eResearch into NMN’s impact on bodybuilding is still emerging, but some studies suggest it could help mitigate age-related declines in muscle function and strength. As we age, NAD+ levels naturally decrease, which can contribute to decreased muscle mass and performance. Supplementing with NMN might counteract these effects, helping bodybuilders maintain their muscle mass and strength over time.\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAdditionally\u003cmeta charset=\"UTF-8\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003e, NMN’s potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties could offer further advantages for bodybuilders. Reducing oxidative stress and inflammation can help in preventing exercise-induced muscle damage and speeding up recovery. While more research is needed to fully understand NMN’s effects, its role in supporting cellular health makes it an intriguing option for those looking to enhance their bodybuilding regimen.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eReference\u003c\/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eBieganowski P, Brenner C. Discoveries of nicotinamide riboside as a nutrient and conserved NRK genes establish a Preiss-Handler independent route to NAD+ in fungi and humans. Cell. 2004 May 14;117(4):495-502. doi: 10.1016\/s0092-8674(04)00416-7. PMID: 15137942.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eYang, N. C., Cho, Y. H., \u0026amp; Lee, I. (2019). 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Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN, 32(6), 1355–1370. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020081188\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.1681\/ASN.2020081188\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\n\u003cp data-pm-slice=\"1 1 []\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003eChen, Y., Liang, Y., Hu, T., Wei, R., Cai, C., Wang, P., Wang, L., Qiao, W., \u0026amp; Feng, L. (2017). Endogenous Nampt upregulation is associated with diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis through the NF-κB p65 and Sirt1 pathway; NMN alleviates diabetic nephropathy inflammatory-fibrosis by inhibiting endogenous Nampt. Experimental and therapeutic medicine, 14(5), 4181–4193. \u003c\/span\u003e\u003ca href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5098\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e\u003cu\u003ehttps:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/etm.2017.5098\u003c\/u\u003e\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/a\u003e\u003cspan data-color=\"transparent\"\u003e.\u003c\/span\u003e\u003c\/p\u003e\n\u003c\/li\u003e\n\u003c\/ol\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e\n\u003c\/div\u003e","brand":"QUALITIDE","offers":[{"title":"Default Title","offer_id":50103643832566,"sku":"QT-1300-500MG","price":68.0,"currency_code":"USD","in_stock":true}],"thumbnail_url":"\/\/cdn.shopify.com\/s\/files\/1\/0797\/4849\/7654\/files\/QT-1300-NMN-500mg.png?v=1773334058","url":"https:\/\/triskly.com\/products\/nmn-%ce%b2-nicotinamide-mononucleotide","provider":"Triskly","version":"1.0","type":"link"}